Construction sites are dynamic environments characterised by constant movement, heavy machinery, and numerous potential hazards. Among the most critical safety measures is the segregation of vehicles and pedestrians. This separation is essential to prevent accidents and ensure the wellbeing of both construction workers and the public.

Two recent cases have highlighted the importance of this segregation.

A manufacturing company based in Wolverhampton was fined £30,000 after a welder sustained serious injuries when he was struck by a forklift truck.

David Lucas was working for Fablink UK Limited at its weld shop site on Stafford Road when he was hit by the reversing forklift on 12 January 2023.

The forklift driver was moving large jigs in and out of a welding pen when it struck 45-year-old Mr Lucas. He sustained injuries including a fractured ankle and a broken elbow, and spent several days in hospital.

An investigation by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) revealed that there were inadequate measures to segregate pedestrians and vehicles at the site, including the weld shop where the accident happened. It was commonplace for forklifts to enter the welding areas and pens whilst pedestrians were in close proximity.

In another, a company was fined £160,000 after an employee lost both legs whilst working at its site near Warrington.

On 20 June 2022, Andrew McAuley, from Runcorn, an employee of William Stobart & Son Limited was picking orders at the firm’s warehouse in Appleton Thorn.

The 64-year-old was working in close proximity to a forklift truck (FLT) which was being used to load pallets of slate tiles onto a waiting truck. The FLT was carrying two pallets, one on top of the other. The top pallet was not secured to the one below, and when the driver turned the vehicle, both pallets became detached from the forks, with the upper pallet striking Mr McAuley, crushing his legs.

Mr McAuley had to have both legs amputated below the knee. He has been left dependent upon a wheelchair and unable to drive or climb stairs, leading to the need for extensive adaptations to the family home.

An investigation by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) found that William Stobart & Son Limited failed to ensure this area of the warehouse was organised so that vehicles and pedestrians were segregated and circulated in a safe manner and loads were secured so far as was reasonably practicable.

Understanding the risks

• Collision hazards: Construction vehicles, such as trucks, cranes, and forklifts, are often large, heavy, and difficult to manoeuvre. Their operation in close proximity to pedestrians can lead to severe accidents, including collisions and run-overs.
• Limited visibility: Operators of construction vehicles typically have limited visibility due to blind spots, especially when reversing or manoeuvring in tight spaces. This limitation increases the risk of not seeing pedestrians who might be in the vehicle’s path.
• Distractions and noise: The noisy environment of a construction site can distract both vehicle operators and pedestrians, making it harder to communicate and recognise potential dangers. This distraction can lead to accidents if pedestrians inadvertently step into vehicle pathways.
• Unpredictable movements: Pedestrians might not be fully aware of the operating procedures and movement patterns of construction vehicles. Unpredictable pedestrian behaviour can lead to sudden encounters with vehicles, heightening the risk of accidents.

Benefits of segregation

• Enhanced safety: The primary benefit of segregating vehicles and pedestrians is the significant reduction in the risk of accidents. Clear separation ensures that each group operates within its designated space, minimising the chance of collisions.
• Improved operational efficiency: With dedicated pathways and areas, both vehicle operators and pedestrians can move more freely and efficiently. This organisation helps in maintaining a smooth workflow and reducing delays caused by traffic congestion or accidents.
• Compliance with regulations: Adhering to safety regulations and guidelines, which often mandate the segregation of vehicles and pedestrians, helps construction sites avoid legal penalties and ensures a safe working environment.
• Positive safety culture: Implementing segregation measures fosters a culture of safety on the construction site. It demonstrates a commitment to protecting workers and the public, which can boost morale and encourage adherence to other safety protocols.

Best practices for effective segregation

• Clear signage and markings: Utilise clear, visible signs and ground markings to delineate pedestrian pathways and vehicle routes. Signs should indicate directions, warnings, and safe crossing points, ensuring that both pedestrians and vehicle operators are aware of the designated areas.
• Physical barriers: Install physical barriers such as fences, bollards, and guardrails to separate pedestrian walkways from vehicle paths. These barriers provide a robust method of preventing accidental encroachment into hazardous zones.
• Designated crossing points: Create designated crossing points where pedestrian pathways intersect with vehicle routes. These crossing points should be equipped with adequate signage, lights, and, if possible, crossing guards to manage and control pedestrian movement safely.
• Traffic management plans: Develop and implement comprehensive traffic management plans that outline vehicle routes, pedestrian pathways, and safety measures. These plans should be regularly reviewed and updated to adapt to changing site conditions and activities.
• Safety training: Conduct regular safety training sessions for both workers and visitors to the construction site. Training should cover the importance of segregation, how to navigate the site safely, and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE).
• Use of technology: Leverage technology such as proximity sensors, alarms, and surveillance cameras to monitor and manage the movement of vehicles and pedestrians. These tools can provide real-time alerts and enhance overall site safety.
• Regular inspections and audits: Perform regular inspections and safety audits to ensure compliance with segregation measures. Identify and rectify any potential hazards or lapses in safety protocols promptly.

Conclusion
Segregating vehicles and pedestrians on construction sites is a critical safety measure that significantly reduces the risk of accidents and injuries. By implementing clear signage, physical barriers, designated crossing points, and comprehensive traffic management plans, construction sites can ensure a safer environment for all. Additionally, regular safety training, the use of technology, and ongoing inspections reinforce these efforts, fostering a culture of safety and efficiency. Prioritising segregation not only protects lives but also enhances the overall success and reputation of construction projects.